Herniated disc in the lumbar spine – symptoms, causes and support that relieves
Herniated discs in the lumbar spine are relatively common. Approximately 1–3% of the adult population will experience a symptomatic herniated disc at some point, most often between the ages of 30–50. At the same time, disc changes are common even in people without symptoms, which means that not all herniated discs cause symptoms. Here you will get a clear overview of what a herniated disc means, what symptoms are common, when you should seek care, and what you can do yourself to relieve the symptoms and support healing.
What is a herniated disc in the lumbar spine?
A herniated disc in the lumbar spine means that one of the discs in the back bulges or ruptures and presses against a nerve root. This can cause pain in the lumbar spine that radiates down the leg, sometimes all the way to the foot. The problem can occur acutely or develop gradually depending on the load, age and the quality of the disc. Many people also experience stiffness, reduced mobility and a feeling that the back is locking up or is difficult to straighten. The problem usually goes away on its own within a few weeks.
Common causes & risk factors
Herniated discs are often caused by repeated bending and twisting movements, heavy lifting or static positions that put stress on the discs. Prolonged sitting, lack of movement and weakness in the core muscles can contribute. Age-related changes make the discs less elastic and more susceptible to injury. Previous back problems or hereditary tendencies can increase the risk.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include sharp or burning pain in the lower back that radiates down the back or outside of the leg, often called sciatica. Tingling, numbness, or loss of power may occur depending on which nerve root is affected. The pain often increases with bending forward, sitting, or coughing, and may be relieved somewhat by walking and light exercise.
When should you seek medical attention?
Contact a health center if the symptoms have not improved after three to four weeks or if you are in a lot of pain despite taking painkillers.
Contact a health center or emergency room immediately if you have back pain and also any of the following symptoms:
- difficulty holding yourself when you need to pee or poop
- decreased sensation in the lower abdomen
Seek emergency care if the health center or emergency room is closed.
Recommended protection & support
Heat can relieve muscle tension that often occurs in connection with herniated discs. A back brace can provide relief during everyday activities and a lumbar support pillow can help maintain a neutral back position when sitting.
View supports that can help relieve pressure from a herniated disc in the lower back
Mobility and strength training for the trunk and legs are important parts of rehabilitation. Ergonomic adjustments, such as varying working positions and avoiding prolonged sitting, help many people. Placing a few pillows under the legs can make it easier to lie down on your back. Even lying on your side in the fetal position can relieve pain.
About the Injury Guide – quick guidance in case of problems
Our injury guide provides clear and easy-to-understand information about common injuries, how they occur, and what symptoms they usually present. You will also receive recommendations on what protection and aids can relieve your discomfort and help you further in your rehabilitation. All information is based on expert knowledge from our licensed physiotherapist.
For more information about back and lower back problems, you can read more in our injury guide Lower back pain. You can also go to the injury guide's main page to read about other injuries and symptoms.
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